FutureStore

organic bed linen

2006-10-29T15:30:00.000-08:00

Livs range of soft luxurious bed linenis sourced ethically from India and using a fair trade policy. Liv also provide duvet cover set and bath towel set.

Turkey, The Fundamental Law and abolition of the sultanate

2005-04-03T20:00:00.000-07:00

The Kemalists were now faced with local uprisings, official Ottoman forces, and Greek hostility. The first necessity was to establish a legitimate basis of action. A parliament (the Grand National Assembly) met at Ankara on April 23 and asserted that the sultan's government was under infidel control and that it was the duty of Muslims to resist foreign encroachment.

Neo-volcánica, Cordillera

2005-04-03T09:53:00.000-07:00

Also called Eje Volcánico (Spanish: “Volcanic Axis”), volcanic mountain range traversing central Mexico from Cape Corrientes on the west coast, southeast to Jalapa and Veracruz on the east coast. The nation's cultural–historical centre, the Cordillera forms the southern boundary of Mexico's Mesa Central and contains such volcanic peaks as Citlaltépetl (Orizaba; 18,406 feet [5,610 m]), Popocatépetl (17,930 feet [5,465 m]), and

Maratha Wars

2005-04-03T04:35:00.000-07:00

The first war (1775–82) began with British support for Raghunath Rao's bid for the office of peshwa (chief minister) of the confederacy. The British were defeated at Wadgaon (see Wadgaon, Convention of ) in January 1779, but they continued to fight the Maratha until conclusion

Sachs, Nelly

2005-04-02T08:35:00.000-08:00

In full Nelly Leonie Sachs German poet and dramatist who was transformed by the Nazi experience from a dilettante into a poignant spokesperson for the grief and yearnings of her fellow Jews. When, with Shmuel Yosef Agnon, she was awarded the 1966 Nobel Prize for Literature, she observed that Agnon represented Israel whereas “I represent the tragedy of the Jewish

Essay

2005-04-02T05:12:00.000-08:00

Some early treatises—such as those of Cicero on the pleasantness of old age or on the art of “divination,” Seneca on anger or clemency, and

Domagk, Gerhard

2005-04-02T03:07:00.000-08:00

Domagk earned a medical degree from the University of Kiel in 1921. After teaching at the universities

Gulag

2005-03-31T18:44:00.000-08:00

Abbreviation of Glavnoye Upravleniye Ispravitelno-trudovykh Lagerey (Russian: “Chief Administration of Corrective Labour Camps”), the system of Soviet labour camps and accompanying detention and transit camps and prisons that from the 1920s to the mid-1950s housed the political prisoners and criminals of the Soviet Union. At its height the Gulag imprisoned millions of people. The name Gulag had been largely unknown in the West until the publication

Zaccaria, Saint Antonio Maria

2005-03-30T21:53:00.000-08:00

Receiving his doctorate in medicine from the University of Padua in 1524, he practiced at Cremona for three years. He then studied theology

Stainer, Sir John

2005-03-30T11:13:00.000-08:00

As a boy Stainer sang in the choir of St. Paul's Cathedral (1847–56). At the age of 16 he was appointed organist at the newly opened St. Michael's College, Tenbury, a school for church musicians. Named organist at St. Paul's in 1872, Stainer served in that prestigious position until 1888, when

Väki

2005-03-29T02:15:00.000-08:00

Supernatural power believed by the Baltic Finns to reside in those natural sites, objects, and animals that for various reasons attracted popular attention and inspired strong emotional attachments. Väki was often conceived of as an impersonal power, akin to the Polynesian mana, but it also referred to the agents of the power, diffuse spiritual entities that frequent

Switzerland, World War II

2005-03-28T19:26:00.000-08:00

After World War II broke out, Switzerland mobilized 450,000 soldiers and 200,000 auxiliaries (out of a total population of 4,000,000). Thanks to the experience of the preceding war, the government compensated soldiers for lost wages. Another difference from World War I was the unity of the nation across barriers of language and class. The most difficult phase was summer 1940, after France had unexpectedly

Dzerzhinsky, Feliks Edmundovich

2005-03-28T00:07:00.000-08:00

Son of a Polish nobleman, Dzerzhinsky joined the Kaunas (Kovno) organization of the Lithuanian Social Democratic Party in 1895. He became a party organizer, and, although he was arrested by

Dzerzhinsky, Feliks Edmundovich

2005-03-26T17:08:00.000-08:00

For a discussion of the properties and applications of mercury, see Chemical Elements: Zinc group elements. For treatment of the mining, recovery, and refining of mercury, see Industries,

Korea, North

2005-03-24T18:37:00.000-08:00

Officially Democratic People's Republic of Korea , Korean Choson Minjujuui In'min Konghwaguk country in East Asia. It occupies the northern portion of the Korean peninsula, which juts out from the Asian mainland between the Sea of Japan (East Sea) and the Yellow Sea. The country is bordered by China and Russia to the north and by the Republic of Korea (South Korea) to the south. North Korea has an area of 47,399 square miles (122,762 square kilometres), occupying about 55 percent of the

Mauldin, Bill

2005-03-24T14:16:00.000-08:00

After studying cartooning at the Chicago Academy of Fine Arts,

Atchison

2005-03-24T08:36:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1855) of Atchison county, northeastern Kansas, U.S., on the Missouri River. A French trading post at the site of the present city was the embarkation point, in 1804, for the Lewis and Clark expedition. Founded in 1854 by a group of proslavery settlers, it was named for their leader, David Rice Atchison, a U.S. senator from Missouri. It developed as a focus for rail and river traffic, and

Aeschylus, Works

2005-03-23T07:47:00.000-08:00

Persai (472 BC; Persians); Hepta epi Thebais (467 BC; Seven Against Thebes); Hiketides (c. 463 BC; Latin trans., Supplices; Eng. trans., Suppliants); the trilogy known as the Oresteia (458 BC), comprising Agamemnon, Choephoroi (Libation Bearers), and Eumenides; Prometheus desmotes (date uncertain, probably late; Prometheus Bound).

Ambros, August Wilhelm

2005-03-22T21:24:00.000-08:00

Ambros studied law, entered the civil service in 1840, and became public prosecutor in Prague in 1850. A keen, well-trained musician and composer of a Czech opera, Bretislaw a Jitka, he also established himself as a brilliant writer on music. His pamphlet Über

Güira De Melena

2005-03-22T06:35:00.000-08:00

City, southwestern La Habana province, west central Cuba. It lies amid a fertile agricultural and livestock-raising region known primarily for tobacco, although potatoes and bananas, pineapples, and other tropical fruits are also cultivated. The dairy industry is well developed, and the city contains cigar factories. Pop. (1985 est.) 25,246.

Bahubali

2005-03-21T19:50:00.000-08:00

After winning a duel with his half-brother for control of the kingdom, Bahubali is believed by the Jains to have realized the transience of temporal affairs and renounced the world. According

Insurance, Group life insurance

2005-03-21T15:55:00.000-08:00

Under group life insurance an employer signs a master contract with the insurance company outlining the provisions of the plan. Each employee receives a certificate that gives evidence of participation in the plan. The amount of insurance depends on the employee's salary or job classification; usually the employer pays a portion of the premium and the employee

Piet'any

2005-03-20T07:26:00.000-08:00

Hungarian Pöstyén, town, Západní Slovensko kraj (region), Slovakia, on the Váh River, approximately 48 miles (77 km) northeast of Bratislava. Piešt'any is a Carpathian health resort, known since the Middle Ages for its warm sulfur springs and mud baths. It has specialized since the 16th century in treating rheumatic and arthritic diseases. The State Research Institute for Rheumatic Diseases is

Hui-yüan

2005-03-19T10:28:00.000-08:00

Pinyin Huiyuan celebrated early Chinese Buddhist priest who formed a devotional society of monks and lay worshipers of the Buddha Amitabha. The society inspired the establishment in later centuries (6th–7th) of the Ch'ing-t'u (“Pure Land”) cult, which is today the most popular form of Buddhism in East Asia. On his advice, the ruler of the Eastern Chin dynasty

China, The Chou and Ch'in dynasties

2005-03-19T08:11:00.000-08:00

This transitional period is examined in Chi Li, The Formation of the Chinese People (1928, reprinted 1967), useful for information on the ethnic history of ancient China; Herlee Glessner Creel, The Birth of China (1937, reprinted 1954), still regarded as one of the standard references, and The Origins of Statecraft in China, vol. 1 (1970), the first Western book to include extensive materials from bronze inscriptions—especially significant on the activities of non-Chou peoples; Cho-yun Hsu, Ancient China in Transition (1965), a standard work on social structure and social mobility in the Chou period; Derk Bodde, China's First Unifier (1938, reprinted 1967), and Statesman, Patriot, and General in Ancient China (1940, reprinted 1967), works covering the effort of the first emperors and their courts to accomplish unification; Arthur Cotterell, The First Emperor of China (1981), a popular history that includes a description and historical analysis of 7,000 terra-cotta life-size figures buried in 210 BC; Yu-ning Li, The First Emperor of China (1975), Yu-lan Fung, A History of Chinese Philosophy, 2nd ed., 2 vol., trans. from the Chinese (1952–53, reprinted 1983), coverage of the thought of different schools in ancient China; and Xueqin Li, Eastern Zhou and Qin Civilizations (1986), an account of archaeological findings of the period from the 8th to the 3rd century BC.

Natchez

2005-03-18T17:45:00.000-08:00

Relations between the French

Jack-o'-lantern

2005-03-18T13:51:00.000-08:00

In American holiday custom, a hollowed-out-pumpkin lantern that is displayed on Halloween. The surface of the pumpkin is carved to resemble a face. Light from a candle inserted inside can be seen flickering through the jack-o'-lantern's cutout eyes, nose, and usually grotesquely grinning mouth. The custom originated in the British Isles, with a large turnip or other vegetable

Altizer, Thomas J.j.

2005-03-17T18:56:00.000-08:00

A graduate of the University of Chicago (A.B. 1948, A.M. 1951, Ph.D. 1955), Altizer taught religion first at Wabash College (Crawfordsville, Ind.), from 1954 to 1956, and then at Emory University (Atlanta, Ga.) from 1956 to 1968 before becoming a professor of English at the State University of New York at Stony

Kagamigahara

2005-03-17T16:41:00.000-08:00

City, Gifu ken (prefecture), Honshu, Japan, east of Gifu city. Upon the Meiji Restoration in 1868, an army base was established in the city. It was taken over by the U.S. Army after World War II and is now used by the Japanese Air Self-Defense Force. The city contains aircraft and transport equipment factories and textile mills. It is included in the Chukyo Industrial Region. Pop. (1989 est.)

Chadic Languages

2005-03-17T09:30:00.000-08:00

Group of languages spoken in northern Nigeria, northern Ghana, Niger, and Cameroon and in parts of Togo, Benin, Chad, and the Central African Republic and generally classified as a branch of the Afro-Asiatic (formerly Hamito-Semitic) language family. The group includes many languages that are spoken by small numbers of people and that have no written form; among these

Waitz, Georg

2005-03-17T08:49:00.000-08:00

German historian who was the founder of a renowned school of medievalists at the University of Göttingen. As the leading disciple of Leopold von Ranke's critical methods, he is regarded as the ablest of the German constitutional historians; many consider him to be superior to his teacher in exactness of

Cord Moss

2005-03-15T04:59:00.000-08:00

Any of the plants of the genus Funaria (order Bryales), distinguished by the spirally twisted seta (stalk) of the capsule (spore case). More than 100 species of Funaria are found in many habitats throughout the world, especially on limestone or recently burned areas. About nine species are present in North America; the most common is F. hygrometrica, which

Art, African, Igbo

2005-03-14T23:16:00.000-08:00

On both sides of the Niger, but mainly to the east, live the Igbo. Traditionally they have lived in small and often isolated settlements scattered through the forest. Only on the northern and western edges of the area, under influence from Igala and Benin, are hereditary rulers found. In Igbo society there is strong social pressure toward individual distinction, and

Biblical Literature, Ezekielthe man and his message

2005-03-14T11:00:00.000-08:00

The man who wrote this book—at least the main body of the work—was undoubtedly one of the leaders of Jerusalem because he was among the first group of exiles to go into captivity—those who were forced to leave their homeland about 597 BCE in a deportation to Babylon on the orders of the conquering king Nebuchadrezzar. Belonging to the priestly class, perhaps of the line of Zadok,

Tureen

2005-03-13T14:42:00.000-08:00

Covered container, sometimes made to rest on a stand or dish, from which liquids, generally soup or sauce, are served at table. The earliest silver and pottery examples, dating from the early 18th century, were called terrines or terrenes (from Latin terra, “earth”), which suggests a pottery origin for the form. Most tureens are crafted in a bowl-like shape that has been influenced

Theatre

2005-03-13T11:46:00.000-08:00

Though the word theatre is derived from the Greek theaomai, “to see,” the performance itself may appeal either to the ear or to the eye, as is suggested by the interchangeability of the terms spectator

Ta-li

2005-03-12T10:25:00.000-08:00

Formerly Hsia-kuan, Pinyin Dali, or Xiaguan, city in western Yunnan sheng (province), China. It is situated at the southern end of the Erh Hai (lake) in a fertile basin about 10 miles (16 km) southeast of the original Ta-li. It has traditionally been an important centre on the routes westward from K'un-ming to the Tibet Autonomous Region and northern Myanmar (Burma); it also has routes leading south into the wild southwest region

Koechlin, Charles

2005-03-12T07:22:00.000-08:00

Influenced by Jules Massenet, Gabriel Fauré, and André Gédalge, under whom he studied, Koechlin experimented with the techniques of polytonality (the use of two or

Aytmatov, Chingiz

2005-03-11T19:00:00.000-08:00

Aytmatov achieved major literary recognition with his collection of short stories, Povesti gor i stepey (1963; Tales of Mountains and Steppes), for which he was awarded the Lenin Prize in 1963. His most important works

Aryabhata I

2005-03-10T22:33:00.000-08:00

Also called Aryabhata the Elder astronomer and the earliest Indian mathematician whose work and history are available to modern scholars. Known as Aryabhata I or Aryabhata the Elder to distinguish him from a 10th-century Indian mathematician of the same name, he flourished in Kusumapura—near Patalipurta (Patna), then the capital of the Gupta dynasty—where

Burgenland

2005-03-10T14:11:00.000-08:00

Bundesland (federal state), eastern Austria, bordering Hungary on the east, and Bundesländer Niederösterreich (“Lower Austria”) on the northwest and Steiermark (Styria) on the southwest. It has an area of 1,531 square miles (3,965 square km). Derived from parts of the four former west Hungarian comitats (counties) of Pressburg (Bratislava), Wieselburg (Moson), Ödenburg (Sopron), and Eisenburg

Ericales

2005-03-10T11:41:00.000-08:00

The fossil record of Ericales is not enormous, especially considering the number of extant species in the order; in fact, many species placed in Ericales require careful reconsideration as their affinities with the order are doubtful. The Cyrillaceae are well documented in the fossil record with pollen grains occurring as far back as the Maastrichtian of the

Blackfish

2005-03-09T20:09:00.000-08:00

Name given to various dark-coloured fishes, including the tautog (see wrasse), bowfin, Alaska blackfish (qq.v.), and black sea bass (see sea bass). Also known as blackfish are the pilot whale (q.v.), a mammal; Orthodon microlepidotus, a California minnow; the black ruff (Centrolophus niger), a European deep-sea rudderfish; and several Australian food fishes.

Scandinavian Literature, Romances

2005-03-09T09:06:00.000-08:00

Romances were also translated or adapted from continental romances. Interest in romance began in Norway and soon took root in Iceland. The earliest romance was probably the Tristrams saga (1226), derived from the Anglo-Norman poet Thomas. This was followed by the Karlamagnús saga (“Saga of Charlemagne”), a collection of prose renderings of French chansons de geste, including

Nagaswaram

2005-03-08T11:27:00.000-08:00

Also spelled nagasvaram conical double-reed aerophone of southern India related to the shawm and the oboe. The nagaswaram may be as long as 35 inches (89 cm). It is made of dark wood and has a flaring wooden bell, seven equidistant finger holes, and five additional tuning holes. Descended from the Persian surna, by which name it is still known in northern India, the instrument is generally played in pairs,

Nitro Compound

2005-03-08T06:13:00.000-08:00

Any of a family of chemical compounds in which the nitro group (-O-N=O) forms part of the molecular structure. The most common examples are organic substances in which a carbon atom is linked by a covalent bond to the nitrogen atom of the nitro group. Nitro compounds are polar, and those with no other chemically reactive grouping are colourless or pale yellow liquids that

West Indies Associated States

2005-03-07T21:48:00.000-08:00

Former political organization of islands in the Caribbean Sea that were British colonies whose status changed to free association with the United Kingdom in 1967. This status provided for internal self-government, with Britain responsible for external affairs and defense. The islands attempted several kinds of federation between 1958 and 1966 (see Leeward Islands), but the

Witches' Sabbath

2005-03-06T21:48:00.000-08:00

Nocturnal gathering of witches, a colourful and intriguing part of the lore surrounding them in Christian European tradition. The concept dates from the mid-14th century when it first appeared in Inquisition records, although revels and feasts mentioned by such classical authors as the Romans Apuleius and Petronius Arbiter may have served as inspiration. The

Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich

2005-03-06T09:49:00.000-08:00

Russian novelist, poet, and playwright, whose major works include the short-story collection A Sportsman's Sketches (1852) and the novels Rudin (1856), Home of the Gentry (1859), On the Eve (1860), and Fathers and Sons (1862). These works offer realistic, affectionate portrayals of the Russian peasantry and penetrating

Paul, Les

2005-03-06T08:35:00.000-08:00

Paul designed a solid-body electric guitar in 1941, but, by the time the Les Paul Standard was ready for production by the Gibson Guitar Company in 1952, Leo Fender had already mass-produced the Fender Broadcaster four years earlier, thus beating Paul to popular credit for the invention. Nonetheless, the

Powell, Maud

2005-03-05T09:27:00.000-08:00

Powell early displayed musical talent and took up the violin. Encouraged especially by her mother, an amateur musician and composer, she studied under teachers in Aurora, Illinois, and in Chicago. At age nine she made a six-week

Imagist

2005-03-04T21:54:00.000-08:00

The Imagists wrote succinct verse of dry clarity

Corbin, Margaret

2005-03-04T10:45:00.000-08:00

Margaret Cochran, having lost both her parents in an Indian raid when she was five, grew up with relatives and, in 1772, married John Corbin. When

Hay, Oliver Perry

2005-03-04T01:46:00.000-08:00

While serving as professor of biology and geology at Butler University, Indianapolis, Ind. (1879–92), he helped organize the Indiana Academy of Science (1890) and embarked on

Bohemian School

2005-03-03T23:59:00.000-08:00

School of the visual arts that flourished in and around Prague under the patronage of Charles IV, king of Bohemia from 1346 and Holy Roman emperor from 1355 to 1378. Prague, as Charles's principal residence, attracted many foreign artists and local masters. Although it was heavily exposed to the artistic traditions of France and northern Italy (mainly through the

Atargatis

2005-03-03T08:37:00.000-08:00

Great goddess of northern Syria; her chief sanctuary was at Hierapolis (modern Manbij), northeast of Aleppo, where she was worshiped with her consort, Hadad. Her ancient temple there was rebuilt about 300 BC by Queen Stratonice, wife of Seleucus I, and it was perhaps partly as a result of that Greek patronage that her cult, carried by Greek merchants and mercenaries, spread to

Ghazni

2005-03-02T19:29:00.000-08:00

Formerly Ghazna, city, east-central Afghanistan. It lies beside the Ghazni River on a high plateau at an elevation of 7,300 feet (2,225 m). Afghanistan's only remaining walled town, it is dominated by a 150-foot- (45-metre-) high citadel built in the 13th century. Around the nearby village of Rowzeh-e Sultan, on the old road to Kabul (the nation's capital, 80 miles [130 km] northeast), are the ruins of ancient Ghazna, including two

Scale

2005-03-02T17:45:00.000-08:00

In zoology, small plate that forms part of the skin of certain animals. Scales provide protection from the environment and from predators. Fish scales are formed of bone from the deeper, or dermal, skin layer. The elasmobranchs (e.g., sharks) have placoid scales; these are bony, spiny projections with an enamel-like covering. Ganoid scales, which are found on such fishes as

Losey, Joseph

2005-03-01T10:42:00.000-08:00

After graduating from Dartmouth College (B.A., 1929) and Harvard University (M.A., 1930), Losey wrote book and theatre reviews. In 1935, while working as a European-based reporter for Variety, the

Abbott, Bud; And Costello, Lou

2005-02-28T08:47:00.000-08:00

Bob Furmanek and Ron Palumbo, Abbott and Costello in Hollywood (1991); Stephen Cox and John Lofflin, The Abbott and Costello Story: Sixty Years of Who's on First? (1997).

Argentina, Economic development, 182050

2005-02-28T06:07:00.000-08:00

Argentina's society and economy underwent considerable changes in the 30 years after 1820. Buenos Aires was the province best adapted to the new era of free trade, exporting cattle products in return for consumer goods from overseas. The interior provinces adjusted slowly, replacing their traditional markets in Upper Peru with new ones in Chile, where a great expansion

Salta

2005-02-27T11:00:00.000-08:00

Provincia, northwestern Argentina, with an area of 59,759 square miles (154,775 square km). It is bounded on the southwest by Chile, on the north by Bolivia, and on the northeast by Paraguay. In the southwestern part of the province, high Andean cordilleras, separated by broad 11,500-foot- (3,500-metre-) high salt flats (the Atacama Plateau), descend from the Andean Cordillera Oriental through quebradas

Korosten

2005-02-27T05:21:00.000-08:00

Also spelled Korosten ', city, Zhitomir oblast (province), north-central Ukraine. It lies along the west bank of the Uzh River about 80 miles (130 km) northwest of Kiev. The city, which was incorporated in 1926, is a small industrial centre, a railway junction, and an engineering centre. In addition, it manufactures equipment for the chemical industry and has woodworking, porcelain, food-processing, and clothing

Ahlin, Lars

2005-02-26T22:29:00.000-08:00

The early novel Tåbb med manifestet (1943; “Tåbb with the Manifesto”) presents many of the central ideas of Ahlin's writings. In it, a young proletarian finds the Communist ideology unsatisfactory, rejects the notion of social rather than individual value, and reaches a better understanding of himself

Eichmann, Adolf

2005-02-26T01:10:00.000-08:00

During World War I, Eichmann's family moved from Germany to Linz, Austria. His pre-Nazi life was rather ordinary. He worked as a traveling salesman in Oberösterreich (Upper Austria) for an

Tarbert

2005-02-25T23:00:00.000-08:00

Village at the head of East Loch Tarbert, an inlet on the west side of of Loch Fyne, Argyll and Bute council area, historic county of Argyllshire, Scotland. Its name means isthmus, and it occupies a narrow neck of land joining the Peninsula of Kintyre to the rest of Argyll. The herring fishery, which was its mainstay, has declined, but Tarbert has developed modestly as a resort

Dubinsky, David

2005-02-25T15:57:00.000-08:00

The son of a baker in Russian Poland, Dubinsky was sent to Siberia in 1908 for his union activities. He escaped and emigrated to the United States in 1911. While working as a garment cutter in New

Argyrodite

2005-02-24T06:18:00.000-08:00

Heavy, dark sulfosalt mineral, a silver and germanium sulfide (Ag8GeS6), in which the element germanium was discovered (1886). It is a relatively scarce mineral found in sulfide veins in Germany and in Bolivia. It forms a solid solution series with canfieldite in which tin replaces germanium in the crystal structure, which belongs to the isometric system. For detailed physical

Kaziranga National Park

2005-02-24T01:29:00.000-08:00

National park in Sibsagar district, Assam state, northeastern India, situated on the southern bank of the Brahmaputra River, 60 mi (97 km) west of Jorhat on the main road to Gauhati. Established in 1908 as a game reserve, it became a national park in 1974. It has an area of 165 sq mi (430 sq km) and lies between the Brahmaputra River and the Mikir Hills. Much of the park is marshland interspersed with large

Cineraria

2005-02-23T17:46:00.000-08:00

Greenhouse cinerarias may be

Plain

2005-02-23T03:37:00.000-08:00

Any relatively level area of the Earth's surface exhibiting gentle slopes and small local relief. Plains vary widely in size. The smallest occupy only a few hectares, whereas the largest cover hundreds of thousands of square kilometres—as, for example, the Great Plains of North America and the expanse of gently undulating land that sweeps from the Pyrenees Range

Vieques Island

2005-02-23T00:20:00.000-08:00

Spanish Isla de Vieques island and municipio (“municipality”), Puerto Rico. It lies 13 miles (21 km) east of the main island, fronting south on the Caribbean Sea and north on the Vieques Sound, which connects the Caribbean with the Atlantic Ocean. Composed mostly of volcanic and granite intrusives, the generally hilly island is 21 miles (34 km) long and 3 miles (5 km) wide, and it is 52 square miles (135 square km) in area. Isabel

Albany

2005-02-22T17:48:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1851) of Linn county, western Oregon, U.S., in the Willamette Valley, at the juncture of the Willamette and Calapooia rivers, 26 miles (42 km) south of Salem. Established in 1848 by Walter and Thomas Monteith and named for the New York state capital, it became a shipping point for wool, grain, and cascara bark (which is used medicinally). The Oregon and California (now Southern Pacific)

Palaung

2005-02-21T16:11:00.000-08:00

Also called Ta-ang, hill people of the Shan region and adjacent areas of eastern Myanmar (Burma), as well as southwestern Yunnan province of China. They numbered about 240,000 in the late 20th century and speak dialects of the Palaungic branch of Austro-Asiatic languages. The Palaung's language is quite distinct from the Tai speech of the Shan (see Tai), with whom they live closely intermingled. Their

Ibis

2005-02-21T03:28:00.000-08:00

Any of about 20 species of medium-sized wading birds constituting the subfamily Threskiornithinae of the family Threskiornithidae (order Ciconiiformes), which also includes the spoonbills. Ibises occur in all warm regions except on South Pacific islands. They wade in shallow lagoons, lakes, bays, and marshes, using their slender, down-curved bills to feed on small

Vieques Island

2005-02-20T07:59:00.000-08:00

NBC was formed in 1926 jointly by the Radio Corporation of America (RCA), GE, and Westinghouse Electric Corporation. Created by David Sarnoff, RCA's president (or, from 1947, chairman), NBC was the first American company organized solely and specifically to operate a radio broadcasting

Oberon, Merle

2005-02-20T06:00:00.000-08:00

The daughter of an Indian mother and a British army officer, Arthur Thompson, stationed in India,

Hayes, Helen

2005-02-18T18:34:00.000-08:00

At the behest of her mother, a touring stage performer, Hayes attended dancing class as a youngster, and, from 1905 to 1909, she performed with the Columbia Players. At age nine, she made her Broadway debut as Little Mimi in the Victor Herbert operetta

Canth, Minna

2005-02-18T15:37:00.000-08:00

In 1863 she entered the seminary at Jyväskylä, where she married her teacher, J.F. Canth, in 1865. Widowed in 1879, with seven children, she went into business at Kuopio but still found time to produce literary works that had a powerful

Insurance, Insurable interest

2005-02-18T10:24:00.000-08:00

Closely associated with the above legal principles is that of insurable interest. This requires that the insured be exposed to a personal loss if the peril insured against should occur. Otherwise it would be possible for a person to take out a fire insurance policy on the property of others and collect if the property burned. Any financial interest in property, or

Goajiro

2005-02-18T06:45:00.000-08:00

Indian people of the Guajira Peninsula in northern Colombia and adjacent Venezuela. Numbering about 127,000 in the late 20th century, they speak an Arawakan language and are linguistically and culturally distinct from their neighbours to the south, the Arhuaco. The Goajiro are mainly a pastoral people, growing only a little corn (maize) to make chicha (beer). Besides raising

Aristides Quintilianus

2005-02-17T09:51:00.000-08:00

Greek author of a treatise on music (Perì musikês), one of the principal sources of modern knowledge of ancient Greek music. The work deals with scales, metres, and the composition of melodies, as well as with the educational value of music and the relation of music, through mathematics, to phenomena in nature. It was regarded by Byzantine and Arab scholars as

Fenton, Elijah

2005-02-17T03:05:00.000-08:00

After graduating from Cambridge, Fenton became a teacher. He was promised the patronage of Henry St. John (later 1st Viscount Bolingbroke) and hence resigned the

Subtropical High

2005-02-17T01:59:00.000-08:00

One of several regions of semipermanent high atmospheric pressure located over the oceans near 35° latitude in both the northern and southern hemispheres of the Earth. The highs, which are apparently of dynamic rather than thermal origin, are most intense and closest to the poles in summer. The circulation around the highs is clockwise in the Northern Hemisphere

Earplug

2005-02-16T18:56:00.000-08:00

The Ainu of northern Japan have used plugs of fabric; in the New World, Mayan earplugs have been found made of thin jade, stone, bone, shell, wood, and metal in many sizes. The Berawan people

Allemontite

2005-02-15T22:42:00.000-08:00

The mineral arsenic antimonide (AsSb). It commonly occurs in veins, as at Allemont, Isère, Fr.; Valtellina, Italy; and the Comstock Lode, Nevada. It also is present in a lithium pegmatite at Varuträsk, Swed. Polished sections of most specimens of allemontite show an intergrowth of allemontite with either pure arsenic in a vein occurrence or with nearly pure antimony in a

Hawrani, Akram Al-

2005-02-15T22:31:00.000-08:00

Hawrani's radical orientation had its roots in direct personal experience rather than in intellectual reflection. He resented the large landlords' exploitation of the Syrian peasantry and strove to rouse

Biblical Literature, The Gospel According to Mark: background and overview

2005-02-14T16:39:00.000-08:00

Though the author of Mark is

Quantrill, William C.

2005-02-14T01:36:00.000-08:00

Growing up in Ohio, Quantrill taught school in Ohio and then Illinois and, in 1857, moved to Kansas,

Biblical Literature, The Gospel According to Mark: background and overview

2005-02-13T22:28:00.000-08:00

Administrative agency established by a treaty ratified in 1952, designed to integrate the coal and steel industries in western Europe. The original members of the ECSC were France, West Germany, Italy, Belgium, The Netherlands, and Luxembourg. The organization subsequently expanded to include all members of the European Economic Community (later renamed the European

Ear Disease

2005-02-12T14:41:00.000-08:00

Impaired hearing is, with rare exception, the result of disease or abnormality of the outer, middle, or inner ear. Serious impairment of hearing at birth almost always results from a dysfunction of the auditory nerve and cannot be improved by medical or surgical treatment. In early and late childhood

Middleton, T(homas) F(anshaw)

2005-02-12T05:47:00.000-08:00

Middleton served various parishes in England from his ordination as a priest in 1792 to 1812, when he became archdeacon of Huntingdon. Widely recognized as a biblical scholar after publication of his study The Doctrine of the

Sabaean

2005-02-12T04:26:00.000-08:00

Member of a people of South Arabia in pre-Islamic times, founders of the kingdom of Saba' (q.v.), the biblical Sheba.

Orléans, Louis-philippe-robert, Duc D' (duke Of)

2005-02-10T18:28:00.000-08:00

The eldest son of Louis-Philippe-Albert, comte de Paris, and great-grandson of King Louis-Philippe, Orléans was banished from France in 1886 as a threat to the republican regime. Returning in 1890, he was arrested and given a prison sentence but was released after a few months

Arts, Central Asian, Sculpture

2005-02-10T14:36:00.000-08:00

The art of casting images in bronze and other metals entered Tibet from Nepal and India. Having first followed foreign models, the Tibetans gradually developed their own styles

Bioclimatology

2005-02-10T07:21:00.000-08:00

Branch of climatology that deals with the effects of the physical environment on living organisms over an extended period of time. Although Hippocrates touched on these matters 2,000 years ago in his treatise on Air, Waters, and Places, the science of bioclimatology is relatively new. It developed into a significant field of study during the 1960s owing largely to a growing

Elizabeth

2005-02-09T17:51:00.000-08:00

The Lady Elizabeth Bowes-Lyon was the youngest

Ajanta Caves

2005-02-08T11:34:00.000-08:00

The group of some 30 caves was excavated

Janesville

2005-02-08T08:47:00.000-08:00

City, seat (1839) of Rock county, southern Wisconsin, U.S., on the Rock River, 37 miles (60 km) southeast of Madison. Settled in 1835 and named for a pioneer, Henry F. Janes (who later moved west to found Janesville, Minn., and Janesville, Iowa), it developed as a trading centre for a dairying, grain, and logging region. In 1919 General Motors Corporation opened a tractor factory, which became a Fisher Body

China, The Manchurian Plain

2005-02-08T00:00:00.000-08:00

The Manchurian Plain (also known as the Northeast Plain and the Sung-liao Plain) is located in China's Northeast, the region formerly known as Manchuria. An undulating plain split into northern and southern halves by a low divide rising from 500 to 850 feet, it is drained in its northern part by the Sungari River and tributaries and in its southern part by the Liao River. Most

FutureStore

organic bed linen

Turkey, The Fundamental Law and abolition of the sultanate

Neo-volcánica, Cordillera

Maratha Wars

Sachs, Nelly

Essay

Domagk, Gerhard

Gulag

Zaccaria, Saint Antonio Maria

Stainer, Sir John

Väki

Switzerland, World War II

Dzerzhinsky, Feliks Edmundovich

Dzerzhinsky, Feliks Edmundovich

Korea, North

Mauldin, Bill

Atchison

Aeschylus, Works

Ambros, August Wilhelm

Güira De Melena

Bahubali

Insurance, Group life insurance

Piet'any

Hui-yüan

China, The Chou and Ch'in dynasties

Natchez

Jack-o'-lantern

Altizer, Thomas J.j.

Kagamigahara

Chadic Languages

Waitz, Georg

Cord Moss

Art, African, Igbo

Biblical Literature, Ezekielthe man and his message

Tureen

Theatre

Ta-li

Koechlin, Charles

Aytmatov, Chingiz

Aryabhata I

Burgenland

Ericales

Blackfish

Scandinavian Literature, Romances

Nagaswaram

Nitro Compound

West Indies Associated States

Witches' Sabbath

Turgenev, Ivan Sergeyevich

Paul, Les

Powell, Maud

Imagist

Corbin, Margaret

Hay, Oliver Perry

Bohemian School

Atargatis

Ghazni

Scale

Losey, Joseph

Abbott, Bud; And Costello, Lou

Argentina, Economic development, 182050

Salta

Korosten

Ahlin, Lars

Eichmann, Adolf

Tarbert

Dubinsky, David

Argyrodite

Kaziranga National Park

Cineraria

Plain

Vieques Island

Albany

Palaung

Ibis

Vieques Island

Oberon, Merle

Hayes, Helen

Canth, Minna

Piet'any

Biblical Literature, Ezekielthe man and his message

Argentina, Economic development, 182050